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Updated: Nov 10, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Clinical and Research Solutions to Manage Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review

Fen Xia1,2, Mohamad Sawan2

  • 1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310024, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatments are reviewed, comparing current options and future research like smart implants and non-invasive stimulation. Effective OSA management requires integrated, multidisciplinary approaches due to complex causes.

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Medical Engineering

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder with serious health risks like stroke.
  • Millions are affected globally, necessitating effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current clinical treatments for OSA.
  • To analyze ongoing research and future directions for improving OSA management.
  • To provide evidence-based guidelines for treatment selection.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of diagnostic and treatment methods for OSA.
  • Analysis of success rates, methodologies, and economic impact of various OSA treatments.
  • Evidence-based comparison of existing and emerging therapies.

Main Results:

  • Current OSA treatments vary in efficacy, success rates, and economic burden.
  • Emerging research includes advanced hypoglossal nerve stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
  • No single treatment currently cures OSA due to its complex etiology.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary and integrated management approach is crucial for maximizing OSA treatment success.
  • Future research should focus on larger sample sizes and consistent follow-up periods.
  • Smart, miniature implantable devices and non-invasive stimulation show promise for future OSA management.
Keywords:
OSA detection and treatmentcontinuous positive airway pressureelectrical stimulationhypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS)obstructive sleep apneaoral applianceweight loss

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