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Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species
Published on: October 15, 2013
BipD of Burkholderia pseudomallei: Structure, Functions, and Detection Methods
Kasturi Selvam1, Muhammad Fazli Khalid1, Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa1
1Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei), a Gram-negative environmental bacterium. It is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, but it is underreported in many other countries. The principal routes of entry for B. pseudomallei are skin penetration, inhalation, and ingestion. It mainly affects immunocompromised populations, especially patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis is challenging due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, which mimic other severe infections. The culture method is considered an imperfect gold standard for the diagnosis of melioidosis due to its low sensitivity. Antibody detection has low sensitivity and specificity due to the high seropositivity among healthy people in endemic regions. Antigen detection using various proteins has been tested for the rapid determination of B. pseudomallei; however, it presents certain limitations in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, this review aims to frame the present knowledge of a potential target known as the Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD), including future directions for its detection using an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor).
Insights
Melioidosis diagnosis is challenging. This review explores Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD) as a potential diagnostic target, focusing on aptasensor detection methods for improved accuracy.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a severe, underreported infectious disease.
- Diagnosis is difficult due to non-specific symptoms and limitations of current methods like culture and antigen detection.
- Immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, are most affected.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on Burkholderia invasion protein D (BipD) as a potential diagnostic target for melioidosis.
- To explore the potential of aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors) for detecting BipD.
- To highlight future directions for improved melioidosis diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on BipD and aptasensor technology.
- Analysis of current diagnostic challenges in melioidosis.
- Exploration of novel detection strategies.
Main Results:
- BipD is identified as a promising target for melioidosis detection.
- Aptasensors offer potential for sensitive and specific detection of BipD.
- Current diagnostic methods for melioidosis have significant limitations.
Conclusions:
- BipD represents a novel target for melioidosis diagnosis.
- Aptasensor technology holds promise for developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools.
- Further research is needed to optimize BipD-based aptasensors for clinical application.
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