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Related Experiment Videos

Ketamine Use in Operation Enduring Freedom.

Eric Leslie1, Eric Pittman2, Brendon Drew3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command Okinawa, Chatan, Okinawa Prefecture 904-0103, Japan.

Military Medicine
|April 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Battlefield ketamine use surged from 2011-2013, then declined, but overall prevalence increased significantly by 2016. This reflects updated military pain management guidelines and common use in explosive and penetrating trauma.

Area of Science:

  • Military Medicine
  • Trauma Care
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, offers opioid-comparable analgesia and is increasingly utilized in prehospital and battlefield settings.
  • Military guidelines updated in 2012 recommended ketamine as a first-line pain management agent for combat casualties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in ketamine utilization by the U.S. Military during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (OFS) from 2011 to 2016.
  • To assess the impact of clinical practice guidelines on battlefield ketamine use.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) data was conducted for patients receiving ketamine between 2011 and 2016.
  • Data analyzed included ketamine prevalence, co-administration rates, injury mechanisms, demographics, and injury severity.

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Main Results:

  • Total ketamine administrations reached 866, with a peak in 2013 followed by a decline from 2014-2016.
  • The frequency of ketamine use for combat injuries rose from 0.4% in 2011 to 11.3% in 2016.
  • Explosive (51%) and penetrating trauma (39%) were primary indications; common co-administered agents included fentanyl, morphine, and midazolam.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms an increasing trend in battlefield ketamine use by the U.S. Military.
  • Observed practice pattern shifts indicate the effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines in guiding medical interventions.