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Differences between children with Down syndrome and typically developing children in adaptive behaviour, executive
Christine de Weger1,2, F Nienke Boonstra3,4, Jeroen Goossens3
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. c.deweger@donders.ru.nl.
Scientific Reports
|April 8, 2021
Summary
Children with Down syndrome (DS) show significant lags in adaptive behavior and executive functions, which are worsened by visual impairments. Near vision deficits are more pronounced, impacting overall development.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Ophthalmology
- Genetics
Background:
- Children with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit atypical development in visual, motor, and cognitive functions.
- The impact of visual impairments on cognitive development delays in DS is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess visual impairment and developmental lags in adaptive behavior and executive functions in children with DS.
- To explore the association between visual impairments and developmental lags in children with DS.
Main Methods:
- 104 children with DS (2-16 years) were evaluated for adaptive behavior, executive functions, and visual acuity (distant and near).
- Scores were compared against age-matched norms of typically developing children.
- Correlations between visual impairment severity and adaptive behavior were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Children with DS demonstrated significant deficits in adaptive behavior (Vineland Screener: -63 months), executive functions (MEFS: -46.09 points), and visual acuity (Distant: 0.51 LogMAR, Near: 0.63 LogMAR).
- Near visual acuity was more impaired than distant visual acuity.
- A significant negative correlation (r = -0.396) was found between adaptive behavior and visual impairment severity.
Conclusions:
- Children with DS experience severe impairments in adaptive behavior, executive functions, and visual acuity.
- Worsening adaptive behavior is linked to greater visual impairment, suggesting vision plays a crucial role in adaptive development for children with DS.
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