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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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The Effects of Physically Embodied Multiple Conversation Robots on the Elderly.

Toshiaki Nishio1, Yuichiro Yoshikawa1, Kazuki Sakai1

  • 1Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Frontiers in Robotics and AI
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Physical robots enhance elderly engagement in conversations more than virtual ones, especially when dialogue systems successfully manage the conversation flow. This is key for mental health support.

Keywords:
conversational robotelderly peopleembodiment of robothuman-robot interactionmultiple robotphysical robotvirtual robot

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Robot Interaction
  • Gerontology
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Communication robots are increasingly developed for elderly mental support.
  • Dialogue systems with multiple robots can facilitate longer conversations for seniors in care settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of embodiment (physical vs. virtual robots) on elderly engagement with dialogue systems.
  • To compare user engagement between physical and virtual robot embodiments in scenario-based conversations.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment involving 40 elderly participants (aged 65-84) interacting with either a physical humanoid robot or a virtual agent.
  • Participants were grouped based on interaction success and robot response quality.

Main Results:

  • Elderly participants showed higher engagement with physical robots compared to virtual agents when conversations flowed successfully.
  • Successful robot responses led to greater elderly engagement with physical robots than ambiguous responses from unexpected user input.

Conclusions:

  • A physical body offers an advantage in promoting high engagement for communication robots assisting the elderly.
  • The effectiveness of physical embodiment is contingent on the dialogue system's ability to manage conversational flow effectively.
  • Findings offer insights for developing dialogue systems to improve elderly mental well-being.