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Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation
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Cultivation processes to select microorganisms with high accumulation ability.

Fabrizio Di Caprio1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University Sapienza of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.

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Summary

Microbial accumulation of biomolecules for biofuels and bioplastics is enhanced under nutrient stress. This review explores microbial responses to starvation and innovative bioprocesses to select for high-accumulation strains.

Keywords:
Contamination controlFeast-famineMixed microbial culturesPolyhydroxyalkanoatesStarvationStorage compound accumulationStrain selectionTriacylglycerolsUncoupled C/N feedingWastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology
  • Bioprocess Engineering

Background:

  • Microbial biomolecule accumulation is key for biofuels, food, and bioplastics.
  • High accumulation is favored by nutrient-depleted, low-growth conditions.
  • Conventional bioprocesses risk selecting for faster-growing, lower-accumulating contaminants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review microbial physiological responses to nutrient (N) and energy starvation.
  • Provide insights for developing bioprocesses that select for high-accumulation strains.
  • Describe innovative bioprocess configurations for enhanced microbial accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological responses of microalgae, bacteria, and yeasts to starvation.
  • Analysis of cell cycle, biomass production, and biochemical composition changes.
  • Description of "feast-famine" nutrient feeding strategies and relevant predictive models.

Main Results:

  • Starvation induces specific physiological responses impacting cell cycle and composition.
  • Feast-famine strategies create selective pressure favoring high-accumulation strains.
  • Models exist to predict microbial growth and accumulation under starvation and feast-famine conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored bioprocesses using starvation and feast-famine strategies can select for superior biomolecule-producing microbial strains.
  • Understanding microbial starvation responses is crucial for optimizing bioproduction.
  • Innovative bioprocess designs are essential for maximizing microbial accumulation in biotechnology.