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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Phononic Crystals Applied to Localised Surface Haptics.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Phononic crystals can create localized acoustic mirrors in thin plates. This enables precise control over surface friction modulation for advanced haptic interfaces.

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    Area of Science:

    • Acoustics
    • Materials Science
    • Metamaterials

    Background:

    • Metamaterials possess unique properties due to their geometric features.
    • Phononic crystals and metamaterials can create band gaps in the ultrasonic domain.
    • Ultrasonic lubrication is used in haptic interfaces to modulate surface friction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the design of phononic crystals for localized friction modulation.
    • To explore novel possibilities for surface haptic interface design.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing mesoscale metamaterials and phononic crystals.
    • Utilizing localized band gaps to create acoustic mirrors.
    • Establishing waveguides in thin plates.

    Main Results:

    • Phononic crystals can induce localized phenomena in the ultrasonic domain.
    • Acoustic mirrors are formed by localized band gaps.
    • Friction modulation can be precisely localized on a thin plate surface.

    Conclusions:

    • Phononic crystals offer a method for localized friction control.
    • This research opens new avenues for designing surface haptic interfaces.