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Process mapping in healthcare: a systematic review
Grazia Antonacci1,2, Laura Lennox3, James Barlow4
1Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) Northwest London, London, UK. g.antonacci@imperial.ac.uk.
BMC Health Services Research
|April 15, 2021
Summary
Process mapping (PM) in healthcare shows potential but lacks rigorous application and reporting. A new framework can improve its implementation, evaluation, and reporting for better healthcare improvement.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Improvement Science
- Process Management
- Health Systems Research
Background:
- Process mapping (PM) is underutilized in healthcare despite its potential for understanding complex systems.
- Limited research exists on the effective implementation, evaluation, and reporting of PM in healthcare settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a conceptual framework with quality criteria for implementing, evaluating, and reporting PM in healthcare.
- To review existing PM applications in healthcare to identify context, quality, and reported benefits.
Main Methods:
- Developed a conceptual framework through literature review of PM guidance and healthcare improvement interventions.
- Conducted a systematic review (PRISMA methodology) of 105 empirical studies on PM in healthcare.
- Utilized inductive thematic analysis for context and benefits, and the framework for quality assessment.
Main Results:
- The proposed framework details quality criteria across five PM phases.
- No reviewed study met all ten quality criteria; only 7% met 8-9 criteria.
- PM is used in diverse settings; multi-professional meetings (45%) and patient involvement (15%) were reported.
Conclusions:
- Inconsistent reporting and poor adherence to principles limit PM's potential in healthcare.
- Increased rigor in PM application is necessary for realizing its benefits.
- The developed framework can support training, application, and reporting of PM in healthcare.
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