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    This study introduces a novel multi-objective optimization method for low-delay Versatile Video Coding (VVC) rate control. The MORC method simultaneously minimizes distortion and quality fluctuation, achieving superior trade-offs for efficient video compression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Video Compression Technologies
    • Optimization Algorithms
    • Digital Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional rate control algorithms in video coding often struggle to balance multiple objectives effectively.
    • Low-delay video coding, crucial for real-time applications, requires efficient rate control to maintain quality under strict constraints.
    • Versatile Video Coding (VVC) introduces new complexities in coding tree unit (CTU) level processing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a multi-objective optimization method (MORC) for CTU-level rate control in low-delay VVC.
    • To simultaneously minimize average distortion and quality fluctuation while adhering to rate constraints.
    • To achieve a superior trade-off among video distortion, rate adherence, and quality stability.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulating rate allocation as a convex optimization problem under target rate constraints.
    • Employing a weighting method to convert the multi-objective problem into a single-objective one.
    • Utilizing a two-stage method based on the D-λ model to solve the optimization problem.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed MORC method achieves a Pareto optimal solution that dominates existing state-of-the-art methods.
    • Demonstrates a significantly better trade-off among average distortion, rate constraint satisfaction, and quality fluctuation minimization.
    • Experimental validation on VVC Test Model (VTM) 3.0 confirms the method's effectiveness.

    Conclusions:

    • The MORC method offers an advanced approach to rate control in low-delay VVC.
    • It effectively addresses the challenge of balancing multiple, often competing, optimization objectives.
    • This leads to improved overall video coding performance and quality stability.