Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motional Emf01:22

Motional Emf

3.6K
Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
3.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

877
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
877
Plane Electromagnetic Waves II01:29

Plane Electromagnetic Waves II

3.8K
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between electric and magnetic fields with the help of Faraday's law.
3.8K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

2.5K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
2.5K
Magnetic Moment of an Electron01:23

Magnetic Moment of an Electron

2.2K
Electrons revolving around a nucleus are analogous to a circular current carrying loop. This current produces a magnetic dipole moment proportional to the electron's orbital angular momentum. Since the orbital angular momentum is quantized in terms of the reduced Planck's constant, the dipole moment is quantized in the Bohr Magneton. The value of the Bohr magneton is 9.27 x 10-24 Am2. Electrons also have an intrinsic spin angular momentum, and the associated spin magnetic moment is...
2.2K
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

6.6K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Major form of NUP98/HOXC11 fusion in adult AML with t(11;12)(p15;q13) translocation exhibits aberrant trans-regulatory activity.

Leukemia·2003
Same author

[Fluoride-oxide glass for high efficiency upconversion from IR to green].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2003
Same author

[In situ IR study of the reaction behavior of clusters [VnCr3-n (mu 3-O) (mu-O2CCH3)6(THF)3]X[n = 0-3, X = Cl-, ClO4-, (VO5)0.5-] and [VnFe3-n(mu 3-O) (mu-O2CCH3)6(THF)3]X(n = 0-3, X = Cl-) in nitrogen atmosphere].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2003
Same author

[In situ IR study of the reaction behavior of transition metal oxides-propionic acid system, Fe2Cr(mu 3-O) (mu-O2CC2H5)6(H2O)3Cl.xH2O and Cr3 (mu 3-O) (mu-O2CC2H5)6(H2O)3NO3.xH2O].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2003
Same author

[Monte Carlo simulation of FCS in a laser gradient field].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2003
Same author

[A study on the concentration quenching of Tm3+ upconversion luminescence].

Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi = Guang pu·2003
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
11:47

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

Published on: December 22, 2018

9.3K

Electron Acceleration during Macroscale Magnetic Reconnection.

H Arnold1, J F Drake1, M Swisdak1

  • 1IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-3511, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-consistent simulations reveal Fermi reflection accelerates electrons during magnetic reconnection, producing power-law spectra observed in solar flares. Weak guide fields enhance nonthermal electron energy, crucial for understanding these energetic events.

More Related Videos

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
09:41

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide

Published on: May 23, 2025

370
Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
09:48

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
11:47

A 100 KW Class Applied-field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster

Published on: December 22, 2018

9.3K
Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
09:41

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide

Published on: May 23, 2025

370
Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
09:48

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysics
  • Solar Physics

Background:

  • Magnetic reconnection is a key process in energetic solar events.
  • Electron acceleration mechanisms in macroscale systems are not fully understood.
  • Solar flares exhibit nonthermal electron spectra consistent with power laws.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first self-consistent simulations of electron acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a macroscale system.
  • To investigate the role of Fermi reflection in generating nonthermal electrons.
  • To analyze the impact of guide fields on electron acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and executed self-consistent numerical simulations of magnetic reconnection.
  • Modeled electron acceleration via Fermi reflection in growing and merging magnetic flux ropes.
  • Varied guide field strength to assess its influence on electron acceleration.

Main Results:

  • Simulations produced power-law spectra for energetic electrons, matching solar flare observations.
  • Fermi reflection in magnetic flux ropes was identified as the primary drive mechanism.
  • A strong guide field suppressed nonthermal electron production by weakening the Fermi drive.
  • In weak guide fields, nonthermal electrons contained more energy than thermal electrons despite lower densities.

Conclusions:

  • Self-consistent simulations accurately replicate observed energetic electron spectra in solar flares.
  • Fermi reflection is a critical mechanism for electron acceleration in macroscale magnetic reconnection.
  • Guide field strength significantly modulates the efficiency of nonthermal electron production, with weak fields being more effective.