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Surface mining caused multiple ecosystem service losses in China.

Hengxing Xiang1, Zongming Wang2, Dehua Mao3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

China’s surface mining expanded significantly, increasing 2.7 times after 2000. This rapid expansion caused substantial ecosystem services (ESs) losses, impacting natural habitats and productivity, necessitating continued ecological restoration efforts.

Keywords:
ChinaCoverEcological restorationEcosystem servicesSurface miningSustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Surface mining in China has driven socio-economic development but lacks systematic understanding of its national changes and ecosystem services (ESs) losses.
  • These losses impact human well-being and hinder sustainable ecosystem management and policy optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify areal changes in surface mining across China from 1990 to 2015.
  • To analyze the associated ecosystem services (ESs) losses resulting from this expansion.
  • To provide insights for sustainable land management and policy development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ChinaCover database to quantify surface mining areas.
  • Employed multidimensional geospatial data (MODIS, meteorological records, statistical datasets) for ESs loss analysis.
  • Analyzed spatiotemporal variations in ESs losses.

Main Results:

  • China's surface mining area reached an estimated 4746 km² in 2015, with Inner Mongolia accounting for 28%.
  • Surface mining area increased 2.7 times after 2000, with significant expansion in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Qinghai.
  • Rapid expansion led to declines in natural habitat area, water retention, net primary productivity, and grain production.

Conclusions:

  • Continued ecological restoration is crucial for mitigating the impacts of rapid surface mining expansion and associated ESs losses.
  • Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of mining-induced ESs losses is vital for effective land management and policy.
  • Sustainable practices are needed to balance economic development with ecosystem health in mining regions.