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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Bone Regeneration with Vascularized Artificial Cartilage Integration
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Bone defect reconstruction via endochondral ossification: A developmental engineering strategy.

Rao Fu1, Chuanqi Liu2, Yuxin Yan1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Tissue Engineering
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental bone tissue engineering using endochondral ossification (ECO) offers a promising alternative to traditional methods. ECO-based strategies enhance vascularization and bone regeneration for critical-sized defects.

Keywords:
Developmental engineeringbone defect reconstructionbone tissue engineeringendochondral ossificationhypertrophic cartilage

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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Traditional bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies mimic intramembranous ossification but face challenges with vascularization and regeneration.
  • Endochondral ossification (ECO) based strategies offer an alternative approach for bone repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review developmental BTE strategies that recapitulate endochondral ossification (ECO).
  • To explore ECO-based bone graft engineering for large bone defect reconstruction.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on developmental BTE and ECO.
  • Analysis of ECO-based strategies for bone regeneration in critical-sized defects.
  • Discussion of neovascularization and ossification induction by cartilaginous constructs.

Main Results:

  • ECO-based constructs survive hypoxic conditions and promote neovascularization and ossification.
  • Developmentally engineered constructs serve as transient templates for bone regeneration.
  • ECO strategies show potential for reconstructing large bone defects.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental BTE via ECO presents a viable alternative to traditional BTE for bone repair.
  • ECO-based strategies overcome limitations of vascularization and enhance bone regeneration.
  • Further research is needed for clinical translation of ECO strategies for bone defects.