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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Ammonia Fiber Expansion AFEX Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Published on: April 18, 2020

Fructan exohydrolase from grasses.

Richard J Simpson¹, Graham D Bonnett¹

¹School of Agriculture and Forestry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.

The New Phytologist

|April 20, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fructan exohydrolases (FEH) in grasses are crucial for mobilizing plant energy reserves. However, research on FEH function and kinetics is incomplete due to a lack of standardized substrates, hindering a clear understanding of fructan hydrolysis.

Keywords:

Fructan mobilization fructan exohydrolase (FEH)grasses invertase β-fructofuranosidase

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OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides

OLIgo Mass Profiling OLIMP of Extracellular Polysaccharides

Published on: June 20, 2010

Area of Science:

Plant Biochemistry
Enzymology
Agricultural Science

Background:

Grasses utilize fructan reserves for seasonal growth, defoliation recovery, and seed filling.
Fructan mobilization follows diurnal patterns in leaves and is regulated by developmental and environmental factors.
Fructan exohydrolases (FEH) are the primary enzymes responsible for fructan hydrolysis in higher plants.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize current knowledge on fructan exohydrolases (FEH) in grasses.
To identify limitations and challenges in understanding FEH activity, kinetics, and regulation.
To provide recommendations for future research directions in FEH studies.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on fructan metabolism and FEH in grasses.
Analysis of reported FEH properties, including pH and temperature optima, substrate specificity, and localization.
Examination of regulatory mechanisms and factors influencing FEH activity.

Main Results:

FEH activity is localized in vacuoles with optimal activity at specific pH and temperature ranges.
Substrate specificity varies, with FEH from grasses showing higher activity on grass-derived fructans compared to inulin or levans.
Regulation of FEH activity occurs at the gene level and is influenced by metabolic concentrations and sugars.

Conclusions:

The current understanding of FEH function, activity, and kinetics in grasses is incomplete and often contradictory.
A significant limitation is the lack of well-defined, commercially available fructan substrates for accurate enzyme characterization.
Standardized oligosaccharide substrates are recommended for future research to enable robust enzyme kinetic studies and clarify FEH roles.