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Gut Microbiome in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Laura M Cox1, Amir Hadi Maghzi1, Shirong Liu1

  • 1Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Annals of Neurology
|April 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome differs in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared to healthy individuals. Certain bacteria, like Akkermansia, may play a beneficial role in reducing MS disability.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Gut-brain axis

Background:

  • The gut microbiome's role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding specific microbial alterations in different MS subtypes is crucial for targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gut microbiome composition in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To correlate microbial profiles with clinical disease features and disability.
  • To explore the functional role of specific bacteria, such as Akkermansia, in MS.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota from healthy controls and MS patients (relapsing-remitting and progressive).
  • Correlation analysis between bacterial abundance and clinical parameters (EDSS, quality of life, MRI lesions).
  • Colonization of mice with MS-derived Akkermansia and induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Main Results:

  • Microbiota diversity differed between MS patients and controls, but not between MS subtypes or based on disease-modifying therapies.
  • Specific bacterial species, including Clostridium bolteae, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, and Akkermansia, were increased in MS patients.
  • Akkermansia abundance was associated with lower disability and ameliorated EAE in mice, suggesting a protective role.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct gut microbiome alterations are associated with multiple sclerosis, with some unique to progressive MS.
  • Elevated Akkermansia in MS patients may represent a compensatory beneficial response.
  • Targeting specific gut bacteria could offer novel therapeutic strategies for MS.