Immunomodulatory diet in pediatric age

Area of Science:

• * Nutrition and Immunology
• * Chronic Disease Epidemiology

Background:

• * The immune system's function and health status are increasingly recognized as vital.
• * Diet is a key environmental factor influencing chronic disease development, with high-fat, low-fiber diets linked to non-communicable diseases.
• * Optimal nutrition modulates immune responses and inflammation; deficiencies can exacerbate inflammatory conditions, creating a detrimental cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To explore the multifaceted role of diet and specific nutrients in modulating immune function and health.
• * To highlight the impact of dietary patterns and individual nutrients on physical barriers, immune responses, and the microbiome.
• * To underscore the importance of balanced nutrition for preventing and managing infections and allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

• * Review of existing evidence on dietary patterns, nutrients, and immune system function.
• * Analysis of the impact of specific nutrients (e.g., DHA, arginine, vitamins, trace elements, EPA, prebiotics) on immune components.
• * Consideration of the interplay between diet, microbiome, and epigenetic factors.

Main Results:

• * Dietary diversity can prevent allergic diseases.
• * Nutrients like DHA, arginine, vitamins (D, E, A, B, C), and trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) impact physical barriers, immune responses, and microbiome.
• * Protein, arginine, EPA, DHA, and prebiotics play significant roles in immune function, with deficiencies compromising immunity.

Conclusions:

• * A balanced nutritional status is essential for preventing and counteracting infections and maintaining immune health.
• * The complex interaction between diet, microbiome, and epigenetics influences nutrient-induced immune changes.
• * Further intervention studies focusing on whole dietary patterns are needed to clarify the impact of food on immune function and disease risk.