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Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers by Using a Molecular Imprinting Based Capacitive Biosensor
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Wide Input Dynamic Range Fully Integrated Capacitive Sensor for Life Science Applications.

Hamed Osouli Tabrizi, Omid Farhanieh, Qiao Owen

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |April 23, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel CMOS capacitance sensor chip with significantly enhanced input dynamic range (IDR) for life science applications. The new design achieves higher sensitivity and faster measurements, overcoming challenges in detecting small capacitance changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Capacitive sensing is crucial for life science applications, but existing Charge Based Capacitive Measurement (CBCM) circuits face limitations in input dynamic range (IDR) and speed.
    • Detecting small capacitance changes is challenging due to parasitic elements from solutions and electrode contamination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a fully integrated CMOS capacitance sensor chip with a significantly wider input dynamic range (IDR) than state-of-the-art.
    • To demonstrate the sensor's capability for high-resolution, fast measurements in life science applications, specifically monitoring evaporating droplets.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel differential capacitance to current conversion topology was implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology.
    • The sensor integrates calibration circuitry, interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), a 300 MHz oscillator, and a counter-serializer for digital output.
    • Experimental validation involved monitoring 2 μL evaporating droplets of chemical solvents with varying conductivity and permittivity.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed sensor achieved an IDR approximately seven times higher than previous CBCM circuits and three times higher than CBCM with cascode current mirrors.
    • High-resolution measurements of 416 aF were achieved with an input offset adjustment range (IOAR) of 1.27 pF.
    • A measurement speed of 15 μs was recorded, positioning it among the fastest CMOS capacitive sensors.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed CMOS capacitance sensor chip offers a superior IDR and high-resolution, fast measurement capabilities for life science applications.
    • The sensor effectively addresses the challenge of detecting small capacitance variations in the presence of significant parasitic elements.
    • The demonstrated functionality with evaporating droplets highlights its potential for real-time physiochemical analysis.