CT of amebic liver abscess: different morphological types with different clinical features

To identify different morphological types of amebic liver abscess (ALA) based on CT findings and to assess whether they have different clinical features.

CT images of 112 symptomatic patients with ALA were analyzed to identify the imaging features distinctive of each morphological type. The following CT findings were investigated: the presence of abscess wall, rim enhancement, edge characteristic, septa, intermediate density zone, and peripheral hypodensity. Abscesses from each type were further evaluated for their clinical presentations, laboratory findings and outcomes.

We identified three types of ALAs: type I, II and III. Type I abscesses (66%) were characterized by absent or incomplete walls, ragged edges and peripheral septa; their edges exhibited irregular and interrupted enhancement. Type II (28%) had a complete wall characterized by rim enhancement and peripheral hypodense halo. Type III (6%) demonstrated a wall but without enhancement. Clinically, type I abscesses presented acutely with severe disease. They had significantly deranged laboratory parameters, higher incidence of rupture and higher rate of inpatient or intensive care unit admission. The severity of the disease prompted immediate percutaneous drainage in most type I abscesses (81%). Two of them died from multiple organ failure. The type II or III abscesses, on the other hand, had delayed presentations with mild to moderate disease, with near normal laboratory findings.

ALAs have three different CT morphological types, with different clinical and laboratory features. Percutaneous drainage is indicated in most of type I abscesses.