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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.6K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.6K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.0K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Preparation of Polypentafluorophenyl acrylate Functionalized SiO2 Beads for Protein Purification
08:51

Preparation of Polypentafluorophenyl acrylate Functionalized SiO2 Beads for Protein Purification

Published on: November 19, 2018

9.9K

pH-responsive pickering foam created from self-aggregate polymer using dynamic covalent bond.

Yiqian Xie1, Yuan Xu2, Jian Xu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Responsive nanoparticles improve foamability and stability by controlling polymer hydrophobicity and aggregation. This Pickering system demonstrates reversible foaming, offering new applications.

Keywords:
Dynamic covalent polymer nanoparticlesFoam stabilityPickering foamsSchiff basepH responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Responsive surfactant systems using dynamic covalent bonds show limitations in foamability and stability.
  • The Pickering effect offers a potential strategy to enhance foaming performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop responsive surfactant systems with improved foamability and stability.
  • To leverage the Pickering effect by controlling polymer hydrophobicity and aggregation via dynamic covalent bonds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized surface-active nanoparticles from self-aggregated polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and benzaldehyde (BA) polymers.
  • Utilized dynamic imine bonds sensitive to pH for controlling polymer properties.
  • Confirmed pH-dependent bond formation/breakage using 1H NMR and dynamic interfacial tension measurements.

Main Results:

  • Stable foam achieved at pH 7.4 with PAH-BA nanoparticles; defoaming occurred at pH 2.5 due to bond breakage.
  • Demonstrated reversible foaming-defoaming cycles with persistent performance.
  • Enhanced foam stability by increasing hydrophobicity (lower amino to aldehyde ratio or using PAH-cinnamaldehyde).

Conclusions:

  • Reversible and responsive foaming achieved in a Pickering system.
  • This approach offers a novel method for creating tunable foaming systems.
  • The findings have potential applications in various industries requiring controlled foaming properties.