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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Multiplex Immunohistochemistry for Understanding Immune Regulation by Uterine NK Cells in Pregnancy

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Published on: October 25, 2024

Recurrent implantation failure: how common is it?

Paul Pirtea^1,2, Richard Thomas Scott², Dominique de Ziegler¹

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hopital Foch - Faculté de Médecine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), Suresnes, France.

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology

|April 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Repeated implantation failure (RIF) after three euploid embryo transfers is rare, occurring in less than 5% of cases. This suggests most assisted reproductive technology failures stem from embryonic issues, not endometrial factors.

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
Genetics

Background:

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) success is not guaranteed, prompting debate on whether failures are embryonic or endometrial.
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) lacks a precise definition, with a trend towards stricter criteria as ART advances.
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) enables the transfer of only euploid embryos, necessitating a re-evaluation of RIF in this context.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the true incidence of RIF in women undergoing successive frozen euploid single embryo transfers (FE-SET).

Main Methods:

Analysis of outcomes following three consecutive FE-SET attempts.
Focus on cases with morphologically normal endometrium.

Main Results:

RIF after three successive FE-SETs is rare, occurring in less than 5% of cases.
ART failures are predominantly linked to embryonic causes.
A functional definition of RIF is proposed: failure following 3 successive FE-SET attempts.

Conclusions:

The study challenges the routine prescription of complex and costly endometrial testing for RIF.
Findings support the hypothesis that embryonic factors are the primary drivers of ART failure.
A revised understanding of RIF is proposed based on euploid embryo transfers.