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Facial scanning accuracy depending on the alignment algorithm and digitized surface area location: An in vitro study.

Marta Revilla-León1, Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero2, Basir A Barmak3

  • 1Comprehensive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States; Affiliate Faculty Graduate Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Researcher at Revilla Research Center, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Dentistry
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Summary

Facial scanner accuracy depends on alignment method and scanned area. Trueness and precision varied significantly across different facial regions, with central areas being more accurate than peripheral ones.

Keywords:
3D patient’s representationAccuracyFacial scannerVirtual patient

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • 3D Scanning Technology

Background:

  • Accurate 3D facial scanning is crucial for various applications, including medical diagnostics and digital reconstruction.
  • Evaluating the performance of facial scanners requires understanding factors influencing their accuracy, such as alignment methods and surface area digitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the trueness and precision of a facial scanner based on different alignment techniques.
  • To determine how the location of the digitized surface area impacts facial scanner accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • A head mannequin with markers was scanned using an industrial scanner to create a control mesh.
  • The mannequin was then scanned with a facial scanner (Arc4; Bellus3D) using two alignment methods: reference best fit (RBF) and landmark-based best fit (LA).
  • Root mean square error was calculated to compare scans, and 2-way ANOVA was used to analyze trueness and precision across 10 defined facial areas.

Main Results:

  • Both alignment algorithms and digitized surface area significantly predicted trueness and precision (P < .001).
  • Significant interactions were found between alignment and area for both trueness (F(9, 580) = 25.13) and precision (F(9, 580) = 14.34).
  • Trueness was highest in the left tragus area (A9) and lowest in the right cheek area (A5). Precision was highest in the left tragus area (A9) and lowest in the forehead area (A10).

Conclusions:

  • Alignment procedures significantly influence facial scanner trueness and precision.
  • Facial scanner accuracy is dependent on the scanned surface area location, with central facial regions yielding higher accuracy than peripheral ones.
  • The obtained accuracy values were within the clinically acceptable threshold of ≤2 mm.