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Free-breathing abdominal T1 mapping using an optimized MR fingerprinting sequence.

Max H C van Riel1,2,3, Zidan Yu2,3,4, Shota Hodono2,3,4,5

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We developed a faster, free-breathing magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for abdomen imaging. This technique provides robust quantitative T1 maps, overcoming motion artifacts for clinical use.

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abdominal imaging, Cramér-Rao lower bound, magnetic resonance fingerprinting, quantitative imaging, respiratory motion

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Quantitative Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Quantitative T1 mapping in the abdomen is crucial for disease diagnosis but is often limited by long scan times and motion artifacts.
  • Free-breathing techniques are needed to improve patient comfort and reduce scan time in abdominal MRI.
  • Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) offers accelerated whole-brain imaging but requires motion robustness for abdominal applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a free-breathing, motion-robust MRF sequence for quantitative T1 mapping of the abdomen.
  • To optimize MRF sequence parameters, including flip angle patterns and k-space ordering, for improved encoding efficiency and motion resilience.
  • To assess the performance of the proposed MRF method in phantoms and in vivo free-breathing volunteer scans.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D MRF sequence with a radial stack-of-stars trajectory was implemented, featuring motion-robust k-space ordering and optimized flip angle patterns.
  • Sequence encoding efficiency was evaluated for different flip angle counts (300, 600, 900, 1800).
  • Validation involved stationary and periodically moving multicompartment phantoms, comparing results to a validated MRF method, followed by in vivo free-breathing scans.

Main Results:

  • The MRF sequence with 600 or more flip angles demonstrated good agreement with reference T1 values in stationary phantoms.
  • Phantom experiments confirmed the necessity of motion-robust k-space ordering to mitigate artifacts.
  • In vivo scans successfully produced artifact-free quantitative parameter maps under free-breathing conditions within 5 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed free-breathing MRF method enables B1+-robust quantitative T1 mapping of the abdomen efficiently and with motion resilience.
  • The optimized sequence achieves clinically acceptable scan times (under 5 minutes) and resolution.
  • This technique facilitates simultaneous acquisition of T1, B1+, and M0-weighted images during free breathing.