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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

396
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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No Time to Age: Uncoupling Aging from Chronological Time.

Dana Larocca1, Jieun Lee2, Michael D West2

  • 1DC Biotechnology, Alameda, CA 94502, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging is linked to cellular clocks in the body

Keywords:
DNA methylationagingcellular clocksdevelopmentepigeneticslongevityregenerationreprogrammingtelomerestransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Multicellular life arose from immortal unicellular organisms.
  • Life diverged into an immortal germline and a mortal soma.
  • Somatic cells experience aging, unlike germline cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of aging in relation to cellular clocks.
  • To explore the mechanisms of somatic restriction.
  • To discuss germline factor reprogramming for aging reversal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on aging and cellular clocks.
  • Analysis of DNA-based cellular clocks: telomeric, DNA methylation, and transposable elements.
  • Discussion of somatic restriction as a limitation of cell growth and regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Aging is characterized by somatic restriction, driven by cellular clocks.
  • The rate of aging is plastic and influenced by intrinsic cellular clock rates.
  • Germline factor reprogramming shows potential for slowing or reversing aging.

Conclusions:

  • Aging is not fixed to chronological time but influenced by cellular clock dynamics.
  • Reprogramming germline factors may offer therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
  • Altering the aging process itself could be a novel therapeutic approach.