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Entanglement and Non-Locality in Quantum Protocols with Identical Particles.
Fabio Benatti1,2, Roberto Floreanini2, Ugo Marzolino2
1Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 30, 2021
Summary
Entanglement and non-locality in quantum systems are best understood through the modes particles occupy, not the particles themselves. This approach resolves paradoxes in quantum protocols involving identical particles.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Science
- Quantum Foundations
- Quantum Many-Body Systems
Background:
- The concepts of entanglement and non-locality are well-defined for distinguishable particles.
- However, their application to identical particles, which cannot be individually addressed, remains a subject of debate and potential paradoxes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify the correct formalism for describing entanglement and non-locality in quantum protocols involving identical particles.
- To demonstrate how certain approaches lead to inconsistencies by treating entanglement as a property of particles rather than modes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of quantum protocols, specifically metrological and teleportation tasks, using the second quantization formalism.
- Comparison of results obtained from the second quantization approach with formulations that attribute entanglement directly to identical particles.
Main Results:
- The second quantization formalism, focusing on the entanglement of modes, provides a consistent framework for understanding quantum phenomena with identical particles.
- Formulations that assign entanglement and non-locality directly to identical particles lead to incongruities and paradoxes, particularly when dealing with addressed modes.
Conclusions:
- Entanglement and non-locality in systems of identical particles are properties of the quantum modes that particles can occupy, not the particles themselves.
- The second quantization approach is essential for avoiding paradoxes and correctly describing quantum correlations in systems of identical particles.
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