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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Nuclear Export01:42

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells
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Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

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siRNA Loaded-Exosomes.

María Izco1, Lydia Alvarez-Erviti2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
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Researchers created modified exosomes for targeted brain delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). This novel system enables efficient siRNA loading and intravenous injection for potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
ElectroporationExosomesRabies virus glycoprotein peptideUltracentrifugationsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Exosomes are natural nanoscale vesicles mediating intercellular communication.
  • They carry functional biomolecules like mRNA, microRNA, and proteins.
  • Current challenges exist in targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel exosome-based system for siRNA delivery into the brain.
  • To engineer exosomes that specifically target the central nervous system.
  • To establish a method for loading siRNA into these modified exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of unmodified and modified exosomes.
  • Modification of exosomes for brain-specific targeting.
  • Development of a protocol for loading small interfering RNA (siRNA) into exosomes.
  • Intravenous injection of modified exosomes.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated modified exosomes capable of targeting the brain.
  • Established a method for efficient siRNA loading into exosomes.
  • Demonstrated the potential for intravenous delivery of brain-targeted exosomes.

Conclusions:

  • Modified exosomes represent a promising platform for brain-targeted siRNA delivery.
  • This approach offers a potential strategy for treating neurological disorders.
  • Further research can explore the therapeutic efficacy of this delivery system.