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    Researchers developed an integrated 4-f system using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process for on-chip Fourier optics. This system enables manipulation of spatial optical modes with simple fabrication and broadband operation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Optical Computing

    Background:

    • On-chip optical modes with diverse spatial profiles are crucial for optical interconnects and spatial analog computing.
    • Integrated Fourier optical systems can perform spatial operations, but existing subwavelength structures present fabrication challenges.
    • Previous fabrication-friendly structures were limited to fundamental modes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel integrated 4-f system for on-chip Fourier optics.
    • To enable manipulation of spatial optical modes' size and position in a mode-transparent manner.
    • To achieve convenient fabrication and broadband operation for integrated Fourier optical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process for fabrication.
    • Designed an integrated 4-f system with simple geometry and moderate minimum feature size.
    • Experimentally demonstrated size magnification and center-to-center position offset of optical modes.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a size magnification of 2.5 for optical modes.
    • Demonstrated a center-to-center position offset of 7 µm.
    • Measured reasonable insertion loss and low inter-mode crosstalk over a 30 nm bandwidth.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed integrated 4-f system offers a fabrication-friendly approach to on-chip Fourier optics.
    • The system allows for mode-transparent manipulation of spatial optical modes.
    • This work facilitates the development of practical on-chip Fourier optical systems with broadband capabilities.