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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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Author Spotlight: Characterizing Novel Enzymes from Extremophiles and Common Pathogens to Understand DNA Repair and Replication
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Functional Nucleic Acids Under Unusual Conditions.

Tianjun Chang1,2, Sisi He1,3, Ryan Amini1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|April 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) remain stable and functional under harsh conditions like extreme temperatures and solvents. This review explores their potential in challenging environments, highlighting their versatility for novel applications.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexesRNA-cleaving DNAzymesaptamersfunctional nucleic acidsriboswitchesribozymesunusual conditions

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are versatile molecular tools.
  • Their inherent stability and structural diversity suggest functionality in unusual conditions.
  • Existing research explores FNAs in various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on FNAs under challenging conditions.
  • To examine FNA stability and function in low pH, high temperature, freezing, organic solvents, and denaturants.
  • To highlight the potential of FNAs in extreme environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on FNAs under stress conditions.
  • Analysis of FNA species including ribozymes, riboswitches, DNAzymes, and aptamers.
  • Examination of structural and functional adaptations of FNAs.

Main Results:

  • FNAs demonstrate remarkable stability and functionality in harsh environments.
  • Specific FNA types like G-quadruplex DNAzymes and aptamers show promise.
  • Research reveals unexpected capabilities of FNAs under duress.

Conclusions:

  • FNAs possess hidden talents for functioning in extreme conditions.
  • This research lays groundwork for novel applications of FNAs.
  • Functional nucleic acids are promising macromolecules for unique biotechnological uses.