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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
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Short-Term Memory for Serial Order Moderates Aspects of Language Acquisition in Children With Developmental Language

Pekka Lahti-Nuuttila1,2, Elisabet Service2,3, Sini Smolander1,4

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics, Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Frontiers in Psychology
|May 7, 2021
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Summary

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show impaired non-verbal serial short-term memory (STM), impacting language development. Better non-verbal serial STM may support language acquisition in children with DLD.

Keywords:
developmental language disorderlanguage acquisitionnon-verbalserial short-term memoryspecific language impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Verbal short-term memory (STM) for serial order is potentially linked to language development and developmental language disorder (DLD).
  • Investigating domain-general mechanisms in DLD is crucial for understanding language impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between age, non-verbal serial STM, and language competence in children with DLD and typically developing (TD) children.
  • To test the hypothesis that non-verbal serial STM differences contribute to language acquisition disparities in DLD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 51 children with DLD and 66 TD children (4-6 years old).
  • Utilized game-like tests for visual and auditory non-verbal serial STM, alongside language and cognitive assessments.
  • Employed regression analyses to investigate the moderating role of serial STM on age-related language development.

Main Results:

  • Non-verbal serial STM moderated receptive language development in children with DLD, but not in TD children.
  • TD children exhibited more rapid cross-sectional development of non-verbal serial STM compared to children with DLD.
  • Compromised general serial STM processing may be characteristic of DLD.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a link between impaired general serial STM processing and DLD.
  • Superior non-verbal serial STM may be associated with enhanced language acquisition in children with DLD.
  • Domain-general mechanisms like serial STM could play a significant role in DLD.