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Related Concept Videos

Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

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Overview
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The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
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Gene-therapy Inspired Polycation Coating for Protection of DNA Origami Nanostructures
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Cations Regulate Membrane Attachment and Functionality of DNA Nanostructures.

Diana Morzy1, Roger Rubio-Sánchez1, Himanshu Joshi2

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cations mediate interactions between DNA nanostructures and lipid membranes, influencing complexation for applications in synthetic biology and nanomedicine. Understanding these electrostatic forces enables precise control over DNA-lipid assembly and the development of novel nanodevices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Nucleic acid-lipid interactions are fundamental to molecular biology, biotechnology, and nanomedicine.
  • Electrostatic forces govern these interactions, but are underexplored due to lipid diversity and complex conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electrostatic interactions between zwitterionic lipid membranes and DNA nanostructures.
  • To identify methods for programming DNA-lipid complexation and designing membrane-active nanodevices.

Main Methods:

  • Studied interactions using physiologically relevant cations.
  • Analyzed the influence of lipid phase and ion valency.
  • Investigated DNA adhesion to liquid and gel phase lipid bilayers.

Main Results:

  • Divalent cations bridge nucleic acids and gel-phase lipid bilayers.
  • Cations are essential for DNA adhesion to liquid-phase membranes, even with hydrophobic DNA modifications.
  • Controlled DNA nanostructure attachment by tuning hydrophobicity and charge.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid phase and ion valency critically influence DNA-lipid electrostatic interactions.
  • These findings offer new strategies for designing DNA-lipid complexes and biomimetic nanodevices.
  • Demonstrated ion-regulated DNA-based synthetic enzyme construction.