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Cell-Laden Multiple-Step and Reversible 4D Hydrogel Actuators to Mimic Dynamic Tissue Morphogenesis.

Aixiang Ding1,2,2, Oju Jeon1,2,2, Rui Tang1,2,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA.

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Summary

New biocompatible hydrogel actuators can change shape and encapsulate living cells. This breakthrough enables controlled 3D folding and bioemulation of developmental processes under physiological conditions.

Keywords:
4D biomaterialsbiomimicrycontrollable and programmable actuationmorphodynamic tissue engineeringmorphogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Soft Robotics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Shape-morphing hydrogels show potential for soft actuators and robotics.
  • Current hydrogels are limited to abiotic applications due to harsh shape-morphing conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop biocompatible hydrogel actuators capable of encapsulating living cells.
  • To enable programmed, multi-step shape changes under physiological conditions.
  • To create platforms for studying cell behavior and tissue formation during morphogenic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of multilayer hydrogel actuators using oxidized, methacrylated alginate and methacrylated gelatin.
  • Photocrosslinking technique for hydrogel formation and cell encapsulation.
  • Utilizing physiological conditions for controlled, on-demand shape morphing.

Main Results:

  • Developed hydrogel actuators that can encapsulate and maintain living cells.
  • Achieved programmed and user-regulated self-folding and on-demand folding into 3D architectures.
  • Demonstrated partial bioemulation of complex developmental processes like branching morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed hydrogel actuator systems are suitable for cell encapsulation and controlled shape morphing under physiological conditions.
  • These systems offer novel platforms for investigating the impact of dynamic 3D environments on cellular behavior.
  • The technology can advance the study of morphogenic processes for complex tissue formation and regenerative medicine.