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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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The pleura is a vital part of the respiratory system. It's a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the chest cavity. The two layers of the pleura are:
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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A Standardized Method for Measuring Internal Lung Surface Area via Mouse Pneumonectomy and Prosthesis Implantation
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[Anatomometric characteristics and pleural cavity changes after pneumonectomy].

M N Vasyukov1, I I Kagan2, A A Tretyakov2

  • 1Orenburg Regional Oncology Hospital, Orenburg, Russia.

Khirurgiia
|May 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The post-pneumonectomy cavity significantly shrinks and changes shape after surgery, primarily due to height reduction. This cavity collapse is most pronounced early post-operation and is independent of patient characteristics.

Keywords:
computed tomographypneumonectomypost-pneumonectomy cavitypostoperative changes

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Area of Science:

  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pneumonectomy, the surgical removal of a lung, results in the formation of a post-pneumonectomy cavity.
  • Understanding the dynamic changes in this cavity is crucial for patient management and assessing postoperative recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the anatomometric characteristics of the post-pneumonectomy cavity.
  • To evaluate changes in cavity dimensions and volume over time after pneumonectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scans and 3D models were used to assess 47 patients post-pneumonectomy.
  • Measurements included transverse, anteroposterior dimensions, height, and volume at various time points: pre-surgery, 10-12 days, 6 months, and 12 months post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • The post-pneumonectomy cavity volume decreased significantly, by 1.8 times in the early postoperative period and 3.68 times after 12 months compared to the early period.
  • Cavity shape changes included flattening and reduced sinus depth, with height reduction being the primary cause of volume decrease.
  • A capsule formed in 74.1% of patients by 12 months, and exudate density remained consistent; no correlation was found between cavity reduction and patient constitution.

Conclusions:

  • The post-pneumonectomy cavity is a dynamic anatomical space that participates in compensatory mechanisms after lung removal.
  • The most substantial reduction in cavity volume occurs during the early postoperative phase.
  • The degree of cavity reduction is not influenced by individual patient characteristics.