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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

159
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
159

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Developing Precision Invasive Neuromodulation for Psychiatry.

Nicholas L Bormann1, Nicholas T Trapp1, Nandakumar S Narayanan1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (Bormann, Trapp); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. (Trapp); Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (Narayanan); and Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (Boes).

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|May 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores intracranial neuromodulation for severe psychiatric disorders. By precisely targeting neural circuits, this approach offers personalized treatment beyond current therapies.

Keywords:
Deep Brain StimulationEpilepsyMood DisordersNeuromodulationNeurostimulationPsychiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Psychiatric conditions are prevalent and disabling, with many patients unresponsive to current treatments.
  • Existing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies do not fully align with our understanding of disorder pathophysiology.
  • Neural circuit activity underlies psychiatric symptoms, making circuit-modulating therapies a promising avenue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in intracranial neuromodulation for medically refractory psychiatric disorders.
  • To explore the use of intracranial multielectrode arrays for high-resolution brain activity recording.
  • To establish circuit-level electrophysiological correlates of psychiatric symptoms and enable targeted modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on intracranial neuromodulation techniques.
  • Utilizing intracranial multielectrode arrays to record neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution.
  • Modulating identified neural circuits to causally link electrophysiology to symptom disruption.

Main Results:

  • Identification of circuit-level electrophysiological correlates of psychiatric symptoms.
  • Demonstration of modulating neural circuits to disrupt symptoms.
  • Development of a framework for personalized neuromodulation informed by pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial neuromodulation offers a direct approach to intervening in psychiatric disorder pathophysiology.
  • Personalized neuromodulation strategies can be rationally designed using circuit-based insights.
  • This approach enhances neurotherapeutics by enabling precise, individualized targeting, overcoming limitations of current psychiatric classification.