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Acute symptomatic seizures and COVID-19: Hospital-based study
Eman M Khedr1, Ahmed Shoyb2, Mahmoud Mohammaden3
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
Epilepsy Research
|May 16, 2021
Summary
Acute symptomatic seizures can occur in COVID-19 patients, with 4.3% experiencing them. These seizures may be new onset or linked to underlying brain issues like stroke or encephalitis following infection.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Post COVID-19 seizures are considered rare.
- Understanding the frequency and causes of seizures in COVID-19 patients is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the frequency of acute symptomatic seizures in COVID-19 patients.
- To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms behind these seizures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 439 COVID-19 patients admitted between June and August 2020.
- Inclusion of neurological imaging (CT/MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG).
- Comprehensive laboratory investigations including inflammatory markers and organ function tests.
Main Results:
- 19 out of 439 COVID-19 patients (4.3%) presented with acute symptomatic seizures.
- New onset seizures occurred in 0.68% of patients; breakthrough seizures in 0.46%.
- 14 patients (3.19%) had seizures linked to primary brain pathology: stroke, encephalitis, or pre-existing brain tumors.
Conclusions:
- Acute symptomatic seizures are a notable complication of COVID-19 infection.
- Seizures can manifest as new onset or secondary to COVID-19-related neurological complications.
- COVID-19-associated encephalitis and stroke are significant contributors to post-infectious seizures.
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