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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...
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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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The Muscular System

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The muscular system is essential to the body's overall structure and function, playing a crucial role in movement, stability, and internal processes. It consists of three distinct types of muscle tissue: the skeletal, the smooth, and the cardiac muscles.
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The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation
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Engineering skeletal muscle: Building complexity to achieve functionality.

Eszter Mihaly1, Dallas E Altamirano1, Sami Tuffaha2

  • 1Translational Tissue Engineering Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|May 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) presents significant challenges due to its overwhelming of natural healing. Tissue-engineered constructs offer a promising alternative to autologous muscle flaps for restoring function.

Keywords:
Autologous Muscle Flap TransferInnervationMyotendinous junctionTissue Engineered Skeletal MuscleVascularizationVolumetric Muscle Loss

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Skeletal Muscle Biology

Background:

  • Volumetric muscle loss (VML) involves critical skeletal muscle mass reduction, overwhelming natural repair and causing functional deficits.
  • Current treatments like autologous muscle flap transfer have limitations in fully restoring function due to the composite nature of muscle tissue.
  • Skeletal muscle regeneration is complex, involving interactions between muscle fibers, tendons, vasculature, nerves, and bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of composite tissue-engineered constructs as an alternative to autologous muscle flaps for VML treatment.
  • To discuss advancements in tissue engineering for creating functional skeletal muscle constructs.
  • To explore the role of diverse cell types in muscle regeneration and their incorporation into engineered constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on tissue engineering strategies for skeletal muscle repair.
  • Analysis of methods for incorporating vasculature, promoting innervation, and reconstructing the muscle-tendon junction in engineered constructs.
  • Examination of the role of fibro/adipogenic progenitors and immune cells in muscle regeneration and tissue engineering.

Main Results:

  • Tissue-engineered constructs are advancing to better replicate autologous muscle flap functionality.
  • Incorporating vasculature, promoting innervation, and reconstructing the muscle-tendon boundary are key areas of progress.
  • Understanding the cellular complexity, including progenitor and immune cells, is crucial for enhancing engineered muscle constructs.

Conclusions:

  • Composite tissue-engineered constructs represent a promising alternative for treating VML injuries.
  • Further research into cellular interactions and biomaterial design will improve the efficacy of engineered muscle.
  • Tissue engineering holds potential to overcome the limitations of current VML treatments and restore patient function.