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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Updated: Nov 5, 2025

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MADRID+90 study on factors associated with longevity: Study design and preliminary data.

Miguel A Fernández-Blázquez1,2, Teodoro Del Ser1, Belén Frades-Payo1

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Summary

Understanding healthy aging in nonagenarians is crucial as the population ages. This study explores lifestyle factors linked to healthy versus pathological aging in individuals over 90, including dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global population is aging, with a projected increase in individuals over 90.
  • This demographic shift necessitates understanding factors promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-related diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • The MADRID+90 project investigates healthy and pathological aging in nonagenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify lifestyle and clinical factors associated with healthy aging in the over-90 population.
  • To explore factors contributing to pathological aging, particularly Alzheimer's-type dementia.
  • To characterize the biophysical and clinical profiles of nonagenarians.

Main Methods:

  • Phase 1: Stratified random sampling and survey of 191 individuals aged 90+ in Madrid, collecting demographic, clinical, lifestyle, and cognitive data.
  • Phase 2: Comprehensive clinical examination (neurological, cognitive, MRI, EEG) of 50 individuals over 90 to track aging trajectories.
  • Multidisciplinary approach involving epidemiology, neurology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, and computational neuroscience.

Main Results:

  • Presents key findings from the initial survey of 191 nonagenarians regarding their demographics, health status, lifestyle, and cognitive function.
  • Highlights preliminary associations between specific factors and healthy versus pathological aging trajectories.
  • Provides baseline data for longitudinal analysis in Phase 2.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing nonagenarians is vital for understanding aging processes and developing targeted interventions.
  • Findings will inform policies to address the social and economic impacts of an aging population.
  • This research addresses a data gap concerning the health and aging of the rapidly growing nonagenarian demographic.