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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Activating Titanium Metal with H2 Plasma for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Tianzhu Zhang1, Jiliang Wu1, Jinfan Chen1

  • 1Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Jiangyou 621908, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using hydrogen plasma to enhance titanium

Keywords:
electrochemistryhydrogen evolution reactionhydrogen plasmatitaniumwater splitting

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient nonprecious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for large-scale electrochemical hydrogen production.
  • Titanium (Ti) metal requires activation for effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis in alkaline media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and scalable strategy to activate titanium metal for enhanced HER performance.
  • To investigate the mechanism of hydrogen incorporation into titanium for improved catalytic activity and durability.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrogen plasma bombardment to incorporate hydrogen into the α-Ti crystal lattice.
  • Electrochemical characterization to evaluate HER activity and durability.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the electronic structure modifications.

Main Results:

  • H2 plasma treatment significantly enhanced the HER activity of titanium, reducing overpotential by 276 mV at -10 mA cm-2.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to accelerated charge transfer and an enlarged electrochemical surface area.
  • Incorporated hydrogen atoms remained stable in the Ti lattice during HER, ensuring catalyst durability.
  • DFT calculations confirmed that hydrogen incorporation tunes adsorption energies through charge redistribution.

Conclusions:

  • A novel and scalable method using H2 plasma treatment effectively activates titanium for HER catalysis.
  • Hydrogen incorporation into the Ti crystal lattice is a promising strategy for developing high-performance, durable electrocatalysts for water splitting.
  • This approach offers a new route to tune metal electronic structures for various catalytic applications.