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Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

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DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
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EEG spectral changes induced by hemodialysis.

Bogdan Florea1,2,3, Remus Orasan4, Cristian Budurea4

  • 1Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Center Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Clinical Neurophysiology Practice
|May 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Hemodialysis alters brain activity, causing slower EEG patterns in chronic kidney disease patients. These changes, linked to dialysis disequilibrium syndrome risk factors, may serve as biomarkers for central nervous system monitoring.

Keywords:
Dialysis disequilibrium syndromeEEGHemodialysisSpectral analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) involves neurological deterioration post-hemodialysis.
  • Previous studies on electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral changes during hemodialysis yielded controversial results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate EEG spectral changes during hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Identify risk factors associated with central nervous system (CNS) changes during hemodialysis.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative EEG spectral analysis was performed on 56 CKD patients.
  • EEG was compared before and after hemodialysis sessions.
  • Spectral changes were correlated with clinical and biochemical patient characteristics using multivariate analysis.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in total EEG power and delta frequency band power was observed post-hemodialysis.
  • The ratio of delta-theta/alpha-beta power increased significantly.
  • EEG spectral changes correlated with younger age, recent initiation of hemodialysis, uremia levels, and lower blood glucose levels.

Conclusions:

  • Hemodialysis induces significant slowing of EEG background activity in CKD patients.
  • These EEG changes are associated with risk factors for DDS.
  • EEG spectral analysis can serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring CNS function during hemodialysis.