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The equation of an ellipse centered at the origin defines all points whose distances from the center maintain a constant ratio between the horizontal and vertical axes. This equation results in a smooth, closed curve that extends further along the x-axis than the y-axis, giving it a horizontal orientation. Such an ellipse demonstrates three kinds of symmetry: across the x-axis, across the y-axis, and about the origin. These symmetries are essential in understanding the graph's structure and...
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Symmetry breaking meets multisite modification.

Vaidhiswaran Ramesh1, J Krishnan1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Elife
|May 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Symmetry in protein modification networks can be broken by biochemical processes, leading to novel functions. This symmetry breaking impacts cellular signaling, information processing, and offers new avenues for synthetic biology.

Keywords:
absolute concentration robustnessnoneorderingoscillationsphysics of living systemspost-translational modificationsubstrate modification networksymmetry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Multisite protein modification is crucial for cellular functions and information processing.
  • Existing research highlights the role of post-translational modification networks in biological complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between symmetry and multisite protein modification.
  • To explore how biochemical processes can break symmetry in modification networks.
  • To understand the implications of symmetry breaking for biological systems and engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of random modification networks.
  • Analytical consolidation of computational findings.
  • Examination of various enzyme and substrate configurations.

Main Results:

  • Biochemical processes can lead to symmetry breaking in multisite modification networks, even when symmetry is explicitly or implicitly present.
  • Identified parameter regions and characteristics of the symmetry-broken state.
  • Demonstrated that symmetry breaking can occur even in the absence of exact symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Symmetry breaking in protein networks confers new capabilities, including concentration robustness and multiple steady states.
  • Symmetry breaking may explain the ordered nature of multisite modification observed in cells.
  • Symmetry breaking significantly impacts information processing in cellular signaling and offers potential for synthetic biology applications.