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Viral Acute Gastroenteritis in Special Populations
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, SW34 GH, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|May 24, 2021
Summary
Viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness affecting all ages, with norovirus being a primary cause. While rotavirus cases have decreased due to infant vaccination, severe AGE can still occur, especially in vulnerable populations, and new diagnostic tests are emerging.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a widespread condition impacting individuals across all age groups.
- Norovirus is identified as a significant contributor to both sporadic cases and outbreaks of AGE.
- Rotavirus AGE incidence and severity in children have decreased due to widespread infant vaccination programs, with a subsequent indirect benefit observed in older adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiology and impact of viral acute gastroenteritis.
- To highlight the role of norovirus and the effects of rotavirus vaccination.
- To discuss risk factors for severe illness and emerging diagnostic approaches.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current epidemiological data on viral AGE.
- Analysis of the impact of vaccination on rotavirus infections.
- Discussion of clinical presentations and diagnostic advancements.
Main Results:
- Norovirus remains a leading cause of viral AGE across all age demographics.
- Infant rotavirus vaccination has successfully reduced disease burden in children and older adults.
- Immunocompromised individuals and those at the extremes of age are at higher risk for severe or prolonged AGE.
- Nucleic acid amplification tests are increasingly influencing diagnostic strategies for AGE.
Conclusions:
- Viral AGE, particularly norovirus, continues to be a significant public health concern.
- Vaccination strategies have altered the landscape of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
- Early identification and management are crucial for severe cases, with diagnostic technology evolving.
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