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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Biostatistics
    • Demography

    Background:

    • The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) established new standards in 1997 for collecting and reporting race and ethnicity data.
    • The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) has fully implemented these 1997 standards, necessitating a comparison with previous data.
    • Previous mortality data utilized bridged-race categories, which reassigned individuals with multiple races to a single category.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of fully implementing the 1997 OMB race and ethnicity standards on U.S. mortality data.
    • To compare death counts and rates derived from single-race data (1997 standards) versus bridged-race data (1977 standards).
    • To analyze these comparisons across different age groups, sexes, and states.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized mortality statistics from death certificates filed in the United States and the District of Columbia in 2018.
    • Calculated crude and age-adjusted death rates using both bridged-race and single-race death counts and population estimates.
    • Employed rate ratios to compare the differences between the two data methodologies.

    Main Results:

    • Single-race death counts were lower than bridged-race counts for all major racial and ethnic groups in 2018.
    • The single-race age-adjusted death rate was slightly higher for non-Hispanic white (0.4%) and non-Hispanic black (1.5%) populations nationally.
    • Significant state-specific differences were observed, notably a 10.3% lower single-race death rate for the non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander population in Hawaii.

    Conclusions:

    • The national transition to single-race mortality data based on the 1997 OMB standards has a generally minimal impact on age-adjusted death rates for most major racial and ethnic groups.
    • State-level analyses reveal variations in the impact of the new standards.
    • Continued monitoring of state-specific impacts is warranted following the implementation of the 1997 standards.