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Comparability of Race-specific Mortality Data Based on 1977 Versus 1997 Reporting Standards
Summary
The 1997 race and ethnicity standards in U.S. mortality data show minimal national impact on age-adjusted death rates. However, specific state-level variations exist, particularly for the non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander population.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Biostatistics
- Demography
Background:
- The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) established new standards in 1997 for collecting and reporting race and ethnicity data.
- The National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) has fully implemented these 1997 standards, necessitating a comparison with previous data.
- Previous mortality data utilized bridged-race categories, which reassigned individuals with multiple races to a single category.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of fully implementing the 1997 OMB race and ethnicity standards on U.S. mortality data.
- To compare death counts and rates derived from single-race data (1997 standards) versus bridged-race data (1977 standards).
- To analyze these comparisons across different age groups, sexes, and states.
Main Methods:
- Utilized mortality statistics from death certificates filed in the United States and the District of Columbia in 2018.
- Calculated crude and age-adjusted death rates using both bridged-race and single-race death counts and population estimates.
- Employed rate ratios to compare the differences between the two data methodologies.
Main Results:
- Single-race death counts were lower than bridged-race counts for all major racial and ethnic groups in 2018.
- The single-race age-adjusted death rate was slightly higher for non-Hispanic white (0.4%) and non-Hispanic black (1.5%) populations nationally.
- Significant state-specific differences were observed, notably a 10.3% lower single-race death rate for the non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander population in Hawaii.
Conclusions:
- The national transition to single-race mortality data based on the 1997 OMB standards has a generally minimal impact on age-adjusted death rates for most major racial and ethnic groups.
- State-level analyses reveal variations in the impact of the new standards.
- Continued monitoring of state-specific impacts is warranted following the implementation of the 1997 standards.
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