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The relationship between alcohol consumption and dry eye.

Morten Schjerven Magno1, Tishelle Daniel2, Mathias Kaurstad Morthen3

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Postbus 30.001, Groningen, the Netherlands.

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Summary

Alcohol consumption increases dry eye disease (DED) risk in women but shows a protective effect in men. This study highlights sex-specific impacts of alcohol on DED, emphasizing the need for gender-based research.

Keywords:
AlcoholDry eyeLifelinesSex differencesTear film

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition with multifactorial causes.
  • The influence of lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, on DED pathogenesis requires further investigation.
  • Existing research on alcohol and DED lacks comprehensive analysis of sex-specific effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and dry eye disease (DED) in a large, population-based cohort.
  • To determine if this association differs between males and females.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 77,145 participants from the Dutch Lifelines cohort (ages 19-94, 59% female).
  • Dry eye disease (DED) assessed using the Women's Health Study (WHS) dry eye questionnaire.
  • Alcohol intake quantified via self-reported food frequency questionnaires; logistic regression used for analysis, controlling for numerous covariates.

Main Results:

  • Symptomatic dry eye (DED) was present in 30.0% of participants.
  • Alcohol consumption significantly elevated DED risk in females (OR 1.095), but not in males (OR 0.988).
  • Increased alcohol intake (per 10 g/day) demonstrated a protective effect on DED in males (OR 0.962), but not females (OR 0.986).

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol consumption acts as a risk factor for DED exclusively in females, indicating significant sex-specific effects.
  • The findings underscore the importance of sex stratification in DED research due to differing pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • The potential protective effect of alcohol in male drinkers warrants cautious interpretation due to broader health implications.