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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
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Single-cell transcriptome analysis of human oocyte ageing.

Lihua Yuan1,2, Ping Yin2, Hua Yan2

  • 1Shuguang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

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|May 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Human oocyte aging impacts fertility treatments. This study identified key genes and pathways, like ubiquitination and cell cycle, involved in oocyte aging, with UBE2C showing a crucial role.

Keywords:
ageingbiological information data mininggene expressionhuman oocyteoocyte meiosissc​RNA-sequbiquitination

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Cellular biology

Background:

  • Oocyte aging presents a significant challenge for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in older women.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving human oocyte aging are not fully understood.
  • Identifying key genes and pathways is crucial for improving IVF outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the critical genes and biological signaling pathways implicated in human oocyte aging.
  • To identify potential molecular targets for mitigating age-related oocyte dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on MII human oocytes from young and older donors.
  • Differential gene expression analysis identified 481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
  • Protein-protein interaction networks were analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape to identify 17 hub genes.

Main Results:

  • 481 DEGs were identified, with 322 upregulated and 159 downregulated.
  • Upregulated genes were enriched in transcription, ubiquitination, and epigenetic regulation.
  • Downregulated genes were enriched in ubiquitination, cell cycle, and DNA repair.
  • Key hub genes included UBE2C, UBC, CDC34, and CCNB1.
  • Biological processes associated with hub genes include ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, oocyte meiosis, and cell cycle regulation.

Conclusions:

  • UBE2C emerged as a potentially critical gene in human oocyte aging.
  • Ubiquitination pathways and cell cycle regulation are significantly associated with oocyte aging.
  • These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of oocyte aging and potential therapeutic targets.