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An Optical and Temperature Assisted CMOS ISFET Sensor Array for Robust E. Coli Detection.

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    This study introduces a novel CMOS sensor array for simultaneous bacterial viability and concentration detection. The device integrates pH and optical sensing for comprehensive bacterial analysis, enabling rapid and cost-effective diagnostics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Bacterial viability and concentration are critical for detection, but current sensors are limited to single-metric analysis.
    • Existing miniaturized sensors often detect only pH (viability) or optical signals (concentration), necessitating multi-sensor systems.
    • A unified, cost-effective solution for simultaneous bacterial viability and concentration sensing is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an integrated CMOS sensor array capable of simultaneously detecting bacterial viability and concentration.
    • To leverage an inverter-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) sensor array for multi-functional sensing.
    • To demonstrate a compact and cost-effective platform for comprehensive bacterial sample analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an inverter-based CMOS ISFET sensor array with the native passivation layer for pH detection (bacterial viability).
    • Integrated temperature sensing and optical detection (bacterial concentration) using the same inverter-based amplifier.
    • Employed leakage current of a reset switch for optical detection and the amplifier in reset mode for temperature sensing.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved amplified pH sensitivity of 221 mV/pH and improved sensor resolution of 0.03 pH.
    • Demonstrated a linear optical response and a maximum temperature error of 0.69 °C.
    • Successfully detected Escherichia coli (E. coli) on-chip, validating the sensor's capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed CMOS sensor array effectively integrates pH, optical, and temperature sensing for simultaneous bacterial viability and concentration detection.
    • The single inverter-based amplifier design results in a compact pixel structure and reduced system complexity.
    • This technology offers a foundation for a rapid, cost-effective platform for multi-information bacterial analysis.