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Steel manufacturing is a multi-stage process that begins by smelting iron ore into cast iron in a blast furnace. This initial stage involves layering iron ore with coke, a type of fuel, and crushed limestone within the furnace. The coke is ignited with a high volume of air, leading to the creation of carbon monoxide, which acts to reduce the iron ore to pure iron.
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Updated: May 8, 2026

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Indirect Fabrication of Lattice Metals with Thin Sections Using Centrifugal Casting

Published on: May 14, 2016

Material-structure-performance integrated laser-metal additive manufacturing.

Dongdong Gu¹, Xinyu Shi², Reinhart Poprawe³

¹Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Laser Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Metallic Components, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. dongdonggu@nuaa.edu.cn.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Material-structure-performance integrated additive manufacturing (MSPI-AM) enables advanced multimaterial components. This approach integrates material design, process monitoring, and structural control for enhanced performance and multifunctionality in industries like aerospace.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Manufacturing Technology
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Laser-metal additive manufacturing has evolved from single-material to multimaterial and multifunctional capabilities.
Growing industrial demand from aviation, aerospace, automotive, and energy sectors necessitates advanced manufacturing solutions.
Existing additive manufacturing (AM) methods often fall short of integrating material, structure, and performance for end-use components.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and elaborate on Material-Structure-Performance Integrated Additive Manufacturing (MSPI-AM) as a novel manufacturing paradigm.
To present two core methodological concepts for MSPI-AM: precise material placement and function-specific structural design.
To demonstrate how MSPI-AM can achieve significant improvements in component performance and functionality.

Main Methods:

Development of cross-scale mechanisms to coordinate material development at the nano/microscale.
Implementation of mesoscale process monitoring for real-time control during manufacturing.
Integration of macroscale structure and performance control for optimized component output.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of MSPI-AM principles, enabling the 'right materials in the right positions' and 'unique structures for unique functions'.
Achieved significant enhancements in component performance and multifunctionality through integrated material and structural design.
Validated the effectiveness of cross-scale coordination for proactive control of material properties and structural integrity.

Conclusions:

MSPI-AM represents a revolutionary advancement in additive manufacturing design and strategy.
This integrated approach facilitates the creation of high-performance, multifunctional end-use components.
MSPI-AM holds significant potential for technological enhancement and sustainable development within the manufacturing industry.