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Related Concept Videos

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

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Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
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Bacterial Protein Maturation01:26

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Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
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Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
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Stress-Responsive Periplasmic Chaperones in Bacteria.

Hyunhee Kim1,2, Kevin Wu2,3, Changhan Lee1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|May 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria use periplasmic chaperones to maintain protein quality control under stress. This review highlights stress-responsive chaperones like Spy, DegP, HdeA, HdeB, and UgpB, crucial for bacterial survival.

Keywords:
periplasmic chaperoneDegPHdeAHdeBSpyUgpB

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Periplasmic proteins perform vital bacterial functions like transport and sensing.
  • These proteins are vulnerable to unfolding due to the outer membrane's permeability.
  • A robust periplasmic protein quality control system is essential for bacterial survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review stress-responsive periplasmic chaperones.
  • To highlight the roles of specific chaperones in bacterial stress response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of periplasmic chaperones.
  • Analysis of chaperone functions under various stress conditions.

Main Results:

  • Spy responds to envelope stress.
  • DegP modulates chaperone/protease activity in response to temperature.
  • HdeA and HdeB are involved in acid stress response.
  • UgpB acts as a bile-responsive chaperone.

Conclusions:

  • Periplasmic chaperones are critical for bacterial adaptation to environmental stress.
  • Understanding these chaperones aids in developing strategies to control bacterial behavior.