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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Stress01:19

Shearing Stress

1.1K
Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
1.1K
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

801
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
801
Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear01:23

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear

888
Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
888
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

343
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
343
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element01:16

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element

352
To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
352
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

608
Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
608

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Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
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Universal Nucleation Behavior of Sheared Systems.

Amrita Goswami1, Indranil Saha Dalal1, Jayant K Singh1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.

Physical Review Letters
|May 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a universal relationship between shear flow and liquid nucleation rates across various models. The findings explain non-monotonic temperature dependence in nucleation behavior, linked to the Stokes-Einstein relation

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nucleation is a critical process in phase transitions.
  • Understanding nucleation under flow is essential for materials processing and fluid dynamics.
  • Classical nucleation theory often fails to capture complex behaviors observed in real systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of shear flow on liquid nucleation rates.
  • To develop a theoretical framework applicable to a wide range of shear rates.
  • To explain the non-monotonic temperature dependence of nucleation behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular simulations were employed to model nucleation.
  • A modified classical nucleation theory was developed and applied.
  • The approach allowed analysis of shear rates beyond brute-force simulation capabilities.

Main Results:

  • A universal variation of nucleation rate with shear was identified across different liquid models.
  • The simplified theory successfully predicted non-monotonic temperature dependence.
  • This dependence was linked to the violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation.

Conclusions:

  • Shear flow significantly influences liquid nucleation universally.
  • The developed theory provides a robust framework for studying flow-induced nucleation.
  • The findings offer insights into fundamental liquid behavior and phase transitions.