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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Updated: Nov 3, 2025

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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Reprogramming cellular identity during intestinal regeneration.

Hjalte L Larsen1, Kim B Jensen1

  • 1BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|June 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult intestinal stem cells can revert to a fetal-like state to repair damage, a process involving cell-cell communication and organoid technology. This regeneration can lead to diseases like cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The intestine is crucial for nutrient absorption and maintaining homeostasis.
  • Intestinal tissue damage triggers a robust regenerative response.
  • Understanding this repair mechanism is key to treating gastrointestinal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in intestinal regenerative biology.
  • To explore the concept of fetal-like reprogramming during intestinal repair.
  • To discuss molecular mechanisms and technological approaches in studying intestinal regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on intestinal regeneration.
  • Focus on epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in cellular reprogramming.
  • Utilisation of organoid technologies for cell-autonomous repair studies.

Main Results:

  • Adult intestinal epithelium can undergo fetal-like reprogramming during repair.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk plays a role in cellular identity changes.
  • Organoid models facilitate the study of epithelial repair mechanisms.
  • Clonal selection during regeneration can have pathological consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal regeneration involves a transient fetal-like state.
  • Understanding reprogramming mechanisms can inform disease treatment.
  • Organoid technology is a powerful tool for studying intestinal repair.
  • Regenerative processes are linked to diseases like cancer and chronic inflammation.