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Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Related Experiment Video

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
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GamblingLess: A Randomised Trial Comparing Guided and Unguided Internet-Based Gambling Interventions.

Nicki A Dowling1,2, Stephanie S Merkouris1, Simone N Rodda1,3,4

  • 1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Adding therapist guidance to online cognitive-behavioral gambling interventions significantly improved outcomes for gamblers. While both guided and unguided programs showed benefits, guidance offered additional advantages in reducing urges and frequency.

Keywords:
CBTcognitive-behaviouralgamblingguidanceguidedinternetinterventiononlineself-directedself-helptreatmentunguided

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Internet-based interventions are increasingly used for gambling disorder.
  • Evidence on the added value of therapist guidance in these digital programs is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of an online self-directed cognitive-behavioral gambling program with and without therapist guidance.
  • To investigate the impact of guidance on gambling symptom severity, urges, frequency, expenditure, psychological distress, quality of life, and help-seeking.

Main Methods:

  • A two-arm, parallel-group randomized trial with pragmatic features was conducted.
  • 206 gamblers were randomized into either an unguided or guided intervention group.
  • Outcomes were assessed at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 months post-baseline.

Main Results:

  • Both guided and unguided interventions led to significant improvements in gambling symptom severity, urges, frequency, expenditure, and psychological distress.
  • The guided intervention showed additional improvements in urges and frequency, and a greater rate of clinically significant change (77% vs. 61%).
  • Participants in both groups demonstrated substantial recovery rates, with 69% showing clinically significant improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Online cognitive-behavioral gambling interventions are effective, with or without therapist guidance.
  • Therapist guidance may offer additional benefits, particularly for reducing urges and frequency.
  • Further research is needed to determine when and for whom human support is most valuable in digital gambling interventions.