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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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A Polymer-based Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with a 3D Meshed-Core Structure
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Triple-Band Single-Layer Rectenna for Outdoor RF Energy Harvesting Applications.

Achilles D Boursianis1, Maria S Papadopoulou1, Stavros Koulouridis2

  • 1ELEDIA Research Center, ELEDIA@AUTH, School of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 2, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel triple-band rectenna for harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy from LoRa, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100 networks. The efficient single-layer device achieves over 52% harvesting efficiency from outdoor sources.

Keywords:
Greinacher voltage doublerRF energy harvestingRF-to-DC rectifierantenna optimizationimpedance matchingmoth search algorithmrectennatriple-band operation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting is crucial for powering low-power devices.
  • Existing rectennas often lack multi-band capabilities for diverse wireless networks.
  • Efficient RF-to-DC conversion is essential for practical energy harvesting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel single-layer, triple-band rectenna for outdoor RF energy harvesting.
  • To optimize the rectenna for operation across LoRa, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100 frequency bands.
  • To achieve high energy conversion efficiency from ambient and dedicated RF sources.

Main Methods:

  • A modified E-shaped patch antenna was designed for triple-band operation.
  • Antenna geometry was optimized using the Moth Search Algorithm and an electromagnetic solver.
  • An impedance matching network and Greinacher-topology rectifier were developed for efficient RF-to-DC conversion.

Main Results:

  • The rectenna successfully operates in the LoRa, GSM-1800, and UMTS-2100 bands.
  • The fabricated single-layer rectenna on FR-4 substrate demonstrated high performance.
  • Measured results confirmed an RF energy harvesting efficiency exceeding 52%.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed triple-band rectenna is a viable solution for outdoor RF energy harvesting.
  • The design enables efficient power collection from multiple wireless communication networks.
  • This technology supports the development of self-powered wireless systems and the Internet of Things (IoT).