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Naming in Older Adults: Complementary Auditory and Visual Assessment.

Marla J Hamberger¹, Nahal Heydari¹, Elise Caccappolo¹

¹Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

|June 4, 2021

Summary

New naming tests for older adults provide sensitive measures of word retrieval. These tools help distinguish healthy aging from early signs of neurodegenerative disorders, aiding timely diagnosis.

Keywords:

Aging Auditory Naming Naming Ability Neuropsychological Tests Visual Naming

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics
Gerontology

Background:

Naming difficulty is a common symptom in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
Accurate assessment tools are vital for distinguishing normal aging from pathological changes.
Existing tools may lack sensitivity to subtle naming deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and standardize auditory description naming and visual naming tests for older adults.
To provide normative data for these tests, including accuracy and word-finding efficiency.
To incorporate measures beyond simple accuracy, such as response time and cueing effects.

Main Methods:

Administered Auditory Naming Test (ANT) and Visual Naming Test (VNT) to 407 healthy older adults (aged 56-100).
Included standardized measures alongside the new naming tests.
Conducted item analyses to select 36 stimuli for each test.

Main Results:

Developed age- and education-stratified normative data for accuracy, response time, and tip-of-the-tongue phenomena.
Found high untimed accuracy but reduced word retrieval efficiency with increasing age, as indicated by time- and cue-based scores.
Demonstrated reasonable internal and test-retest reliability (coefficients .59-.84).

Conclusions:

Complementary auditory and visual naming tests offer improved sensitivity over current standards.
The addition of an auditory-verbal component enhances naming assessment.
These tests may aid in the early detection of naming changes in healthy aging and neurocognitive disorders, facilitating earlier diagnosis and treatment.